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ABOUT THE NATURE OF THE FIREBALL

The author of a hypothesis:

Kurbanov Mushab Halilovich

- the mathematician, the physicist, the programmer,

the deserved teacher of the Chechen republic 

(Work is partially published in materials of the All-Russia conference,

consisted in a Terrible in December, 2002)

ABOUT THE NATURE OF THE FIREBALL

M.H.Kurbanov, the teacher of mathematics Gudermes Pedagogical school, Gudermes.

Concerning a history of studying of a fireball, I основываюсь on work of the author of one of hypotheses on the nature of a fireball of Stahanova I.P. [1]. The conventional theory of a fireball, it is equally good explaining all known facts, does not exist yet. All known hypotheses can be divided(shared) into two basic directions. One group of theories assumes, that the fireball receives energy from the outside. Other theories consider, that the fireball represents a clot of the saved up energy (presumably due to energy of a previous linear lightning). That is, count a fireball the accumulator of energy and search for the reasons on which discharge of this accumulator goes so unusually. All these hypotheses create much more questions, than answers.

The theory offered(suggested) by me recognizes that a fireball is a generator of energy. In a basis of the theory clause(article) of the doctor of physical and mathematical sciences of V.Barashenkova [2] lays.  

 According to the Theory of Great Association (ТВО) of quantum physics there is an elementary particle – монополь, possessing an elementary magnetic charge µ=10-7·n (replacement of expression hc/2e where Planck's h-constant is made, c-speed of light and a e-charge электрона through the approached value - 10-7) where n – some integer. The weight of a monofield under this theory is equal 1016 weights of a proton. This монополь carries out instant disintegration of the proton which has appeared close, and at this disintegration the positron and мезоны is formed. These properties of a monofield also have underlain a hypothesis: « If at impact of a linear lightning in its(her) channel or near to him(it) there is a particle - mote possessing in the corresponding weight and certain electromagnetic characteristics under influence of a pulse of a current of a lightning there is a process of regeneration of this particle - mote in two монополи opposite poles. One of the subsequent pulses of same lightning can transform this pair of monofields into rotating steady system. This system, cooperating with molecules of the substances contained in an atmosphere, carries out disintegration of protons. Positrons formed at it, passing various distances, collide(face) with электронами and аннигилируют. The energy of radiation allocated at аннигиляции, forms sphere in which center there is a rotating exclusive pair. The radius of this sphere is equal to the maximal removal(distance) of positrons from the center till the moment аннигиляции. When the parity(ratio) of quantity(amount) of allocated energy and volume of sphere surpasses some size dependent on light exposure of an environment the seen object named a fireball » is formed. The weight of a particle - mote is meant commensurable with the above-stated theoretical weight of a monofield. About the reasons of occurrence in the channel of a lightning of a mote of the given weight and with « the certain electromagnetic characteristics » it will be told below. Speaking about sphere, it is supposed, that near to the given phenomenon there are no others enough strong electric or magnetic fields. Otherwise the form of a fireball can accept эллипсоидальную, pear-shaped or other form. At other « a parity(ratio) of energy, volume and light exposure », for example, at bright light, the fireball will be invisible object though other features, for example ability to manufacture of explosion, she(it) will keep.

Indirect acknowledgement(confirmation) was received with the given hypothesis in 2001. In first number of newspaper "АиФ" for this year clause(article) has appeared: « Opening which will shake the world ». In this clause(article) it is told about the new opening made by group of scientists from institute of nuclear physics by him(it). Курчатова. The endurance(quotation) from this clause(article) says: « During experimental works in which electromagnetic pulses were applied, scientific have fixed, in their opinion, monopolar radiation … experiments were accompanied by occurrence of fireballs (are underlined by me) ». If to take into account, that a usual linear lightning it something other, as electromagnetic pulses, a combination of the allocated concepts typically for the given hypothesis.

The analysis and calculations

Calculations of characteristics of a monofield and fireball are lead(carried out) to within one order of the measured size. Techniques of calculations are as much as possible simplified.

I

Let according to a hypothesis after impact of a linear lightning the exclusive pair forming steady rotating system was formed. This system should submit to the following settlement characteristics:

             1. Weight of a monofield it agrees ТВО:

, where a member of parliament – weight of a proton

  2. For calculation of diameter of a monofield we shall assume, that the density of her(it) is equal to nuclear density of chemical elements. Such assumption is based that монополь - an elementary particle. (On some theoretical data density of a monofield in 9 times more density of a proton)

                              d = = 10-9м, where _ρя = 1017кг/m3 – nuclear density.

Thus, diameter of a monofield appears equal to diameter of a molecule of air.

 3. The period of rotation of monofields should be equal to duration of a pulse of the linear lightning making this rotation. This duration, according to many sources, is measured in micro seconds. And accordingly, frequency of rotation:

                               ν = 1/Т = 106с-1.

 4. At the rotation монополи should cooperate with molecules of air. Frequency of these interactions is equal to frequency of collisions of a molecule of air with other molecules. It follows from equality of diameters of a monofield and a molecule of air. Thus:                

                               n = 1010c-1, where n – frequency of collisions.

 5. An estimation of radius of an orbit of rotation of monofields. In a microcosm there is an analogue of similar system – an element позитроний. Diameter of this system makes – 10-9м. Taking into account massiveness of monofields (1016 weights of a proton), I have assumed, that diameter of exclusive system, at least, in one thousand times more diameter позитрония. Thus:

                                d = 10-6м – diameter of system of monofields.

 6. Force of a mutual attraction of monofields is defined(determined) by the law similar to law Кулона:

                               F = _(μ0/4) · (µ2/r2) = 105µ2, where _μ0 = 4·10-7Гн/м,

                                                  µ - size of a magnetic charge of a monofield.

7. Counterbalancing centrifugal force is defined(determined) from the second law of Newton:

                           F = m·a = _mµ·42ν2r = 10-4Н, where _mµ - weight of a monofield

                              ν - frequency of rotation of monofields (106Гц), 

                               r - radius of an orbit of rotation of monofields (10-6м).           

8. As the system of monofields is in stable equilibrium, these two forces are equal among themselves (105µ2 = 10-4), hence:

                                 μ = 10-5 В·м

9. Proceeding from the statistical data received on the basis of the analysis of thousand of supervision over fireballs [1], follows, that average luminosity of a fireball is equal to luminosity of an electric lamp capacity of 50 watt. Taking into account, that in light radiation some percent of capacity of an electrolamp turn, it is possible to admit(allow) capacity of a fireball to equal 1 watt. According to a hypothesis an original cause of this energy is disintegration of the protons contained in molecules of surrounding substance, monofields. Besides molecules of air in an atmosphere there are dust particles. Even after a rain the atmosphere contains 30 thousand motes on cubic centimeter. In usual their conditions in some times it is more. Average weight of a mote 10-13кг. The mote of iron of such weight contains 1012 molecules. If from each molecule at interaction of a mote with a monofield there is one positron (theoretically possible(probable) number 26), allocated energy at аннигиляции:

                             à = _1012·2mec2 = 0,2 Дж, where _me – weight электрона, with – speed of light.

We come to a conclusion, that 5 interactions of motes of iron with monofields for one second are sufficient for display of the above-stated capacity of a fireball.

10. As far as really such quantity(amount) of interactions?

Calculations show, that the magnetic charge of a monofield designed

above, can involve in itself motes from ферромагнетика from distance of several millimeters. And in such volume always is about thousand motes. If one tenth percent(interest) from them will consist from ферромагнетика it is enough of it for life-support of a fireball.

 11. What - that the part of energy of a fireball is formed at destruction of molecules of air at their interaction with monofields as a result of chaotic movement. But calculations show, that this energy on the order is less than the energy received due to motes.     

 12. Монополь – an elementary particle, and a fireball – macroobject. Whether the elementary particle can create a macrostructure? Here it is necessary to emphasize, that macroscopical size is only radiation, instead of the "spent" weight. The weight of substance, "combustible" for all time of existence of a fireball makes – 10-15кг, that in 10 thousand times less than theoretical weight of a monofield.

 13. On what average life expectancy of a fireball depends? As the fireball is formed by system of two rotating monofields she(it) will exist until originally got energy of rotation will be exhausted(settled). The part of this energy is spent for electromagnetic radiation with the frequency equal to frequency of rotation. Other part of energy is spent for interaction with molecules of air. And the third on interaction of monofields with motes. It is possible to show, that the most part of energy is spent in the latter case. Therefore we shall estimate influence only this process: the mote has weight in 100 times smaller monofields, and interactions occurs about 5 times a second, therefore it turns out, that initial energy has enough for 20 seconds. This size will well be coordinated with known of supervision of eyewitnesses by average duration of existence of a fireball of 10 seconds [1].

  14. The radius of a fireball should be equal to the maximal length of free run of the formed positron. At the certain assumptions concerning speed of a positron, it is possible to calculate this length. Length of free run of molecules of air in an atmosphere – 10-7м. As the length of free run is in inverse relationship from diameter comparison of diameters of a molecule of air and a positron enables to estimate a degree of change of this length. Diameter of a positron in 109 times is less than diameter of a molecule of air. And it gives the basis to believe, that free run of a positron in an atmosphere will be on significant number of orders more than free run of molecules of air. And it is already macroscopical size.

   15. How interaction of a fireball with surrounding subjects is shown? While near to a fireball there are no other subjects, all formed positrons аннигилируют with электронами molecules of a surrounding atmosphere. Dynamic balance between formed positrons and released(exempted) is established thus электронами on the one hand and their mutual аннигиляцией on the other hand. When the fireball comes in contact with an extraneous subject, the part of positrons will penetrate into molecular structure of a superficial layer of a subject. Thus electronic environments of molecules collapse. The staying ions, under action of electrostatic forces mutually making a start, leave(abandon) substance. There is a process of "cold" evaporation of substance. If the fireball rather slowly comes nearer, for example, to a window pane, similar "cold" evaporation of substance she(it) can evaporate to herself an aperture and pass in a premise(room).

      If movement appears fast enough, the center of a fireball (system of rotating monofields) can come in direct interaction with atoms of substance. Thus there will be a sharp increase in number of the atoms cooperating with monofields (the increase will be proportional to density). The number of the positrons penetrating into molecular structure of substance proportionally increases. It generates explosion of substance due to liberation of internal energy of a body. 

   16. Whether the air stream can influence a fireball? Practically such influence is equal to zero as the substance of a fireball makes only two monofields having the size, equal to molecules of air and on 15 orders in the greater weight.

   17. Movement of a fireball submits to what laws? The rotating system should radiate electromagnetic waves with frequency of rotation (about megahertz). At approach(approximation) of this system the conducting environment the fireball creates in it(her) an electromagnetic field of the same frequency, and it interferes with change of a condition (law Ленца). That is, at absence of other working forces, movement aside a conductor or from a conductor should be slowed down. It explains, why falling a fireball on the ground is delayed. Surrounding electromagnetic fields including the fields induced by a fireball, bring the corrective amendments in movement of a fireball. Probably, interaction of own electromagnetic field with an environment allows a fireball to bypass obstacles, to find cracks and apertures and to pass through them.

   18. What temperature inside a fireball? The fireball does not contain substance which temperature could be estimated somehow. Air which can be heated up "inside" a fireball can free make конвективное movement. If the fireball is motionless, the temperature of air will be actually equal the bottom part of a lightning to an ambient temperature. Being heated up under action of energy of radiation of a fireball, air will move upwards. The temperature will reach(achieve) the maximal value, when air will be "leaves" sphere through the top part of a fireball. If the fireball goes or is on a wind, its(her) temperature, is not enough than, will differ from temperature of air. The fact of low temperature also is described by eyewitnesses of supervision over a fireball [1].

  19. Influencing a fireball an electromagnetic field of own frequency, it is possible to operate not only its(her) position in space, but also duration of its(her) existence. It is energy source non-polluting, practically eternal and demanding only scanty expenses. (Speaking about expenses there is an amplification(a strengthening) and transformation of own frequency)

   20. Similar influence it is possible to divide(share) exclusive systems on separate groups of monofields and their circulation in the limited area to create from them sources энергий any capacity.        

II

 About occurrence in the channel of a linear lightning of the particles possessing in necessary weight and « corresponding electromagnetic characteristics ».

 At impact of a usual linear lightning towards to a going down stream электронов the counter stream of ions from below is pulled out. As a basis for an ionic stream the substance first of all will serve, электроны which weaker communications(connections) with an ionic lattice of substance have. On any site of substance not all atoms are equally strong in the aforesaid power attitude(relation). It results to that together with ions is fond in "channel" of a lightning and a part of neutral substance as motes. Occurs some kind of the directed explosion of metal. (About researches of similar explosion of metal there is a work of Dr.Sci.Tech., the professor of MGTU him(it). AD Bauman M.Marahtanova [3]). At this process of a mote the big weights necessary for formation(education) of monofields (10-11кг) can reach(achieve) enough. I shall remind, that the weight of a usual mote in 100 times is less. For a role ионообразующего substances most approach U235, W184, Fe56 [3.] Uranus meets these requirements in the best way. For origin of two opposite particles - монополей from one mote it is necessary, that in different parts of a mote there were in any measure opposite processes. During process магнитострикции different parts of a mote move in opposite directions. Speeds of movement of parts will be that big, than will be магнитострикция and than less duration of a pulse of a magnetic field more. In motes of the lengthened form (and that will be any motes from a crystal by virtue of anisotropism) acceleration of opposite parts of a mote will be sufficient for significant movings charges of substance to cross-section directions under action of a pulse of a magnetic field of a linear lightning. If thus and thickness of a mote - волоска will be about hundreds molecules conditions will be created rather unusual. So-called huge магнитострикцией possess редкоземельные elements: тербий, диспрозий, thulium, etc. And also it is extraordinary great магнитострикция and at a chemical element – Uranus. I believe, that U235 ideal, though and not the only thing, substance for formation(education) of monofields and, hence, a fireball.

                                 The list of the literature:

1.                                  Stakhanov I.P.physical the nature of a fireball. – M.: Атомиздат, 1979.

2.                                  ж. « Knowledge – force » №11, 1983. with. 9 - 11

3.                                  ж. « The Science and a life » №4, 2002. from 16-19

Dear edition!

 (the Science and a life)

   In 2001 clause(article) of newspaper "АиФ" № 1 under the name « has told Opening which will shake the world » about experimental works of group of scientists from institute of nuclear physics him(it). Курчатова. These experiments prove validity of a hypothesis put forward by me about the nature of a fireball. Concerning this hypothesis I had correspondence with your magazine in 1987-88г.г. (answers are signed by adviser S.Trankovskim) After that I managed to make theoretical calculations of the given hypothesis and to bring this work for discussion on the All-Russia conference (. Terrible, on December, 25-27 2002г.) . The basic idea of the theory offered(suggested) by me is published in materials of conference. The question on the nature of a fireball has exclusive value not as a natural phenomenon, and as a basis for creation of an energy source of new generation. It will be a source аннигиляционной energy. Much in work causes objections at the first acquaintance. But at detailed discussion of a question I managed to convince many scientists of an opportunity of statement of the given question. Not all calculations made by me are resulted in work. Much demands completion and in a statement of a material. It not scientific work, and the theses describing a problem in general. I direct this work to your address with hope, that she(it) will be published completely. I hope, that the source аннигиляционной energy which does not demand any certain raw material for reception of energy in the near future will be created and will not demand any expensive installations. The similar energy source not only will not pollute an environment, but also will be used for clarification of the nature from anyone, including radioactive, waste products.